Somalia dan Perubahan Peran Penjaga perdamaian Pada Era George Bush, Clinton dan Boutros-Ghali

Abstract

This article examines the changing of role of peacekeeping in Bush’s mandate,Clinton’s mandate and Boutros-Ghali’s mandate. Rapid delivery of food tostarving Somalis is the goal of peacekeeping in Bush’s administration. ForPresident Clinton, peacekeeping has to assume responsibility for theconsolidation, expansion and maintenance of a secure environment. DuringBoutros Boutros-Ghali’s tenure, peacekeeping came to refer to almost anyactivity in which conflict resolution was carried out by a multinational forceunder the auspices of the UN. This new conception dissolved the lines betweenhumanitarian missions, peacekeeping, and military engagement. Somalia hadbecome a good example of what was becoming known as a “failed state”- apeople without a government strong enough to govern the country or representit in international organizations; a country whose poverty, disorganization,refugee flows, political instability, and random warfare had the potential tospread across borders and threaten the stability of other states and the peace ofthe region. This article shows that UNITAF, Gorge Bush’s mission to deliverfood and medicine to a starving Somalia, was successful.UNOSOM IIundertaken by the Clinton administration and the UN, and aimed at nationbuilding, was a predictable failure that was abondened after unexpectedcasualties.